SCIENCE

A Professor Learned To Bring Compassion To Engineering And Design
SCIENCE, VIDEO REELS

A Professor Learned To Bring Compassion To Engineering And Design

Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering Tahira Reid leads a lab focused on human-centered design. Over her career, she’s gone outside the “traditional engineering box” and integrated compassion for the users of products and services into the design process – what she and colleagues refer to as “compassionate design.” She has also leveraged her insights as a Black woman in mechanical engineering in her work. Together, these considerations led to the development of a compassionate design framework that helps engineers think critically about their design decisions and, in her case, an investigation of how heat from flat-irons can damage curly hair. In this interview, Reid describes how her personal experiences led her to focus on the human aspects of engineering, and why she believes a...
But A Lunar Cycle Is Masking Effects Of Sea Level Rise – Expect Flooding, This Supermoon Has A Twist
SCIENCE

But A Lunar Cycle Is Masking Effects Of Sea Level Rise – Expect Flooding, This Supermoon Has A Twist

A “super full moon” is coming on April 27, 2021, and coastal cities like Miami know that means one thing: a heightened risk of tidal flooding. Exceptionally high tides are common when the moon is closest to the Earth, known as perigee, and when it’s either full or new. In the case of what’s informally known as a super full moon, it’s both full and at perigee. But something else is going on with the way the moon orbits the Earth that people should be aware of. It’s called the lunar nodal cycle, and it’s presently hiding a looming risk that can’t be ignored. Right now, we’re in the phase of an 18.6-year lunar cycle that lessens the moon’s influence on the oceans. The result can make it seem like the coastal flooding risk has leveled off, and that can make sea level rise less obvious. This...
Medical Marvels Or Ethical Missteps? – Lab–Grown Embryos And Human–Monkey Hybrids
SCIENCE, VIDEO REELS

Medical Marvels Or Ethical Missteps? – Lab–Grown Embryos And Human–Monkey Hybrids

In Aldous Huxley’s 1932 novel “Brave New World,” people aren’t born from a mother’s womb. Instead, embryos are grown in artificial wombs until they are brought into the world, a process called ectogenesis. In the novel, technicians in charge of the hatcheries manipulate the nutrients they give the fetuses to make the newborns fit the desires of society. Two recent scientific developments suggest that Huxley’s imagined world of functionally manufactured people is no longer far-fetched. Researchers have grown mammal embryos later into development than ever before in an artificial womb. Vitalii Kyryk/WikimediaCommons, CC BY-SA On March 17, 2021, an Israeli team announced that it had grown mouse embryos for 11 days – about half of the gestation period – in artificial wombs that were essential...
Using Big Data To Unlock Genetic Secrets Scientists Are On A Path To Sequencing 1 Million Human Genomes
SCIENCE

Using Big Data To Unlock Genetic Secrets Scientists Are On A Path To Sequencing 1 Million Human Genomes

The first draft of the human genome was published 20 years ago in 2001, took nearly three years and cost between US$500 million and $1 billion. A complete human genome, seen here in pairs of chromosomes, offers a wealth of information, but it is hard connect genetics to traits or disease. HYanWong/Wikimedia Comons The Human Genome Project has allowed scientists to read, almost end to end, the 3 billion pairs of DNA bases – or “letters” – that biologically define a human being. That project has allowed a new generation of researchers like me, currently a postdoctoral fellow at the National Cancer Institute, to identify novel targets for cancer treatments, engineer mice with human immune systems and even build a webpage where anyone can navigate the entire human genome with the same ease w...
In Ultraclean Labs ‘Humanized Pigs’ Are Being Created To Study Human Illnesses And Treatments
SCIENCE

In Ultraclean Labs ‘Humanized Pigs’ Are Being Created To Study Human Illnesses And Treatments

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration requires all new medicines to be tested in animals before use in people. Pigs make better medical research subjects than mice, because they are closer to humans in size, physiology and genetic makeup. Pigs with human immune systems. Ahlea Forster, CC BY-SA In recent years, our team at Iowa State University has found a way to make pigs an even closer stand-in for humans. We have successfully transferred components of the human immune system into pigs that lack a functional immune system. This breakthrough has the potential to accelerate medical research in many areas, including virus and vaccine research, as well as cancer and stem cell therapeutics. Existing biomedical models Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, or SCID, is a genetic condition that cause...
In The Fruit Fly Brain Are Astrocyte Cells An On-Off Switch That Controls When Neurons Can Change And Grow
SCIENCE

In The Fruit Fly Brain Are Astrocyte Cells An On-Off Switch That Controls When Neurons Can Change And Grow

Neuroplasticity – the ability of neurons to change their structure and function in response to experiences – can be turned off and on by the cells that surround neurons in the brain, according to a new study on fruit flies that I co-authored. The colors in this microscope photo of a fruit fly brain show different types of neurons and the cells that surround them in the brain. Sarah DeGenova Ackerman, CC BY-ND As fruit fly larvae age, their neurons shift from a highly adaptable state to a stable state and lose their ability to change. During this process, support cells in the brain – called astrocytes – envelop the parts of the neurons that send and receive electrical information. When my team removed the astrocytes, the neurons in the fruit fly larvae remained plastic longer, hinting that...
The mRNA The Key Ingredient In Some COVID-19 Vaccines – The Messenger Molecule That’s Been In Every Living Cell For Billions Of Years
SCIENCE

The mRNA The Key Ingredient In Some COVID-19 Vaccines – The Messenger Molecule That’s Been In Every Living Cell For Billions Of Years

One surprising star of the coronavirus pandemic response has been the molecule called mRNA. It’s the key ingredient in the Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines. But mRNA itself is not a new invention from the lab. It evolved billions of years ago and is naturally found in every cell in your body. Scientists think RNA originated in the earliest life forms, even before DNA existed. Here’s a crash course in just what mRNA is and the important job it does. Meet the genetic middleman You probably know about DNA. It’s the molecule that contains all of your genes spelled out in a four-letter code – A, C, G and T. DNA is found inside the cells of every living thing. It’s protected in a part of the cell called the nucleus. The genes are the details in the DNA blueprint for all the physical charac...
Maybe Not, Proof Of New Physics From The Muon’s Magnetic Moment, According To A New Theoretical Calculation
SCIENCE

Maybe Not, Proof Of New Physics From The Muon’s Magnetic Moment, According To A New Theoretical Calculation

When the results of an experiment don’t match predictions made by the best theory of the day, something is off. Fifteen years ago, physicists at Brookhaven National Laboratory discovered something perplexing. Muons – a type of subatomic particle – were moving in unexpected ways that didn’t match theoretical predictions. Was the theory wrong? Was the experiment off? Or, tantalizingly, was this evidence of new physics? Physicists have been trying to solve this mystery every since. One group from Fermilab tackled the experimental side and on April 7, 2021, released results confirming the original measurement. But my colleagues and I took a different approach. I am a theoretical physicist and the spokesperson and one of two coordinators of the Budapest-Marseille-Wuppertal collaboration. Th...
What Will It Take To Meet Ambitious Offshore Wind Power Targets Set By The US
SCIENCE

What Will It Take To Meet Ambitious Offshore Wind Power Targets Set By The US

The United States’ offshore wind industry is tiny, with just seven wind turbines operating off Rhode Island and Virginia. The few attempts to build large-scale wind farms like Europe’s have run into long delays, but that may be about to change. The Biden administration announced on March 29, 2021, that it would accelerate the federal review process for offshore wind projects and provide more funding. It also set a goal: Develop 30,000 megawatts of offshore wind capacity this decade – enough to power 10 million homes with clean energy. To put that in perspective, the U.S. has just 42 megawatts today. Several wind farm developers already hold leases in prime locations off the Eastern Seaboard, suggesting plenty of interest. So, will the government’s new goals and promise of additional fund...
Detecting Fake Science News – 6 Tips To Help You
SCIENCE

Detecting Fake Science News – 6 Tips To Help You

I’m a professor of chemistry, have a Ph.D. and conduct my own scientific research, yet when consuming media, even I frequently need to ask myself: “Is this science or is it fiction?” If what you’re reading seems too good to be true, it just might be. Mark Hang Fung So/Unsplash, CC BY There are plenty of reasons a science story might not be sound. Quacks and charlatans take advantage of the complexity of science, some content providers can’t tell bad science from good and some politicians peddle fake science to support their positions. If the science sounds too good to be true or too wacky to be real, or very conveniently supports a contentious cause, then you might want to check its veracity. Here are six tips to help you detect fake science. Tip 1: Seek the peer review seal of approval...